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Farklı hava arıtma sistemlerinin avantaj ve dezavantajlarını araştırmak her zaman çok faydalıdır. Fakat aynı teknolojiyi kullansalar bile, önemli tasarım ve üretim farklılıkları bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede çalışma ve etkinlik bağlamında rejeneratif termal oksidasyon tesisleriyle ilgili bazı önemli farklardan bahsedeceğiz.

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Çalışma prensipleri ve farklı RTO tesis türleri

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Rejeneratif Termal Oksitleyici tesislerinde (RTO) seramik malzemeden yapılan ısıyı hızla toplayıp bırakmaları sayesinde yüksek termal etkinliğe sahip ısı eşanjörleri vardır. Bu sonuç iki farklı prosedürle elde edilir: arıtma süreci (S.O.V.’nin 750-800 °C’deki yanma odasında CO2 ve H20 ‘e dönüştürülmesi ) ve ısı geri dönüşümüne dayanan enerji geri kazanım sistemi (“oda” adını verdiğimiz özel “tanklarda” toplama ve döngüsel kullanım).

Oda sayısına göre iki rejeneratif termal tesis bulunur. Burada azaltma etkinliklerine göre sıralanmıştır:

3-Odalı Sistem
2-Odalı Sistem

Bu makalede kullanıcılara, RTO azaltma sistemlerine kuracakları oda sayısı seçimlerine rehberlik edecek temel bilgileri vereceğiz. Özellikle aynı tasarım prensiplerine dayanarak, fakat farklı oda sayısıyla üretilmiş sistemler arasındaki karşılaştırmaya odaklanacağız.

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Rejeneratif termal oksitleyicilerin döngüsel arıtma sürecindeki kritik hususlar

Yanma odasında uçucu organik bileşiklerin oksidasyonunun yani azaltılma etkinliğinin oda sayısından etkilenmediğini vurgulamak gerekir.

Sistemin etkinliği gerçek oksidasyon reaksiyonuna ve özellikle döngüsel arıtma sürecine bağlıdır.

Aslında VOC azaltma tesisinde ne zaman bir akış geri dönüşü olursa (yani arıtılması gereken hava akımı yön değiştirirse), yeterince arıtılmamış bir hava miktarının bacaya gönderilmesi mümkündür. Bunun sebepleri şunlar olabilir:

“t1” zamanında hava 1. Odaya girer ve 2. Odadan çıkar. Odalarda depolanan termal enerjiyi daha iyi kullanmak için akışı ters çevirdiğimizde, valfleri değiştirerek “t2” zamanında havanın 2. Odaya girmesini ve 1. Odadan çıkmasını sağlarız. Bu geçiş aşamasında, üretimden gelen hava akımını kesemeyeceğimiz için, her kuledeki hem giriş hem de çıkış valflerinin yeni konumlarına ulaşmadan önce açık (veya kısmen açık) kaldığı bir süre vardır (genellikle birkaç saniye). Bu şekilde hava – odaya girer girmez – arıtmanın gerçekleştiği yanma odasına ulaşmak için bütün dolum gövdelerinden geçmek yerine çıkış rotasını tercih ettiğinden (bu rota herhangi bir engel/yük kaybına sahip değildir) tesis baypas edilir. Sonuç olarak bacada yüksek kirletici konsantrasyonu buluruz;
Valfler doğru konumuna döndüğünde, hava akımı yanma odasında saflaştırılmak üzere sistemden geri döner. Fakat “t1” zamanında ısınan ve yanma odasına doğru giden ve daha düşük sıcaklıkta olduğu için arıtılamayan belirli bir hava hacmi vardır. “t2” zamanında hava akış yönü tekrar değişir ve bu hava yukarıdan (yanma odasından) gelen arıtılmış havayla birlikte bacaya yönlendirilir. Bu da arıtma etkinliğini kötüleştirir.

RTO arıtma etkinliği nasıl optimize edilir?

Bir RTO rejeneratif termal oksidasyon tesisinin arıtma etkinliği aşağıdaki gibi birkaç faktöre dayanır:

Valflerin sızdırmazlığı
Temas zamanı
Doğru karışım
Doğru tesis bakımı

Yukarıda bahsedildiği gibi, bu makalede aynı tasarım prensipleriyle fakat farklı oda sayısıyla yapılmış RTO tesislerini karşılaştıracağız.

Oksidasyon odası: iki ve üç termal oda arasındaki farklar

İki-Odalı Sistem

Bu tesis çok yüksek ihtimalle yukarıda bahsedilen problemlerin hepsini yaşatacaktır. Dolayısıyla bacadaki konsantrasyon bir pik trendine sahip olacak ve her akış dönüşümünde giriş konsantrasyonuyla orantılı olarak bir pik yaşanacaktır.

Bu nedenle bacada garanti edilebilecek konsantrasyon giriş konsantrasyonu ile yakından ilişkilidir.

Daha somut bir bilgi vermek gerekirse, 50 mg/nm3 altında bir baca emisyonu (½ saat üzerindeki bir zamanda ortalamayla) sadece 300-400 mg/nm3 altındaki giriş konsantrasyonuyla garanti edilebilir.

Bu sistemin maliyeti üç odalı RTO’lardan daha düşük olsa da, yukarıda bahsedilen kritik sorunlar (iyi bakım yapılmazsa) genellikle daha fazla işletme maliyetlerine yol açtığı unutulmamalıdır .

Üç-Odalı Sistem

Arıtma bağlamında en iyi çözümdür ve 3.5-4 g/nm3 üzerindeki konsantrasyonlar için kesinlikle önerilir.

Bu durumda, akış geri dönüş fazında, , “t1” zamanında girişte olan 1. Oda döngüden çıkarılarak akış direk olarak 3. Odaya geçer. Sonra havayı tekrar döngüye vermeden önce 1. odanın alt zonlarında kalan atık havayı arıtmak için bol bol zaman kalır. 3 giriş ve 3 çıkış olması ayrıca, valf sekansının baypas anlarının önleneceği şekilde tasarlanmasına izin verir.

Üç odalı RTO tesisi 5-8 g/nm3 aralığındaki giriş konsantrasyonlarında bile 20 mg/nm3 çıktı garanti edebilir.

Tahmin edebileceğiniz gibi, bu etkinlik seviyeleri daha fazla yatırım gerektirir. Fakat tesisin düşük işletme maliyetleri hesaba katıldığında bu yatırım amorti edilebilir.

3 odalı ve 2 odalı rejeneratif termal yanma odası arasında nasıl tercih yapılır?

Kompleks endüstriyel döngülerde kirletici arıtması için tesis seçmek basit bir şey değildir: yüksek teknolojik uzmanlık, konsolide teknik know-how ve zamanla kazanılan somut deneyim gerektirir.

Her zaman bir fizibilite çalışması yapılması tavsiye edilir. Fizibilite çalışması ürünün bütün ömür döngüsünü hesaba katan yatırımın sürdürülebilirliğini tanımlama amacı taşıyan stratejik bir faaliyettir.

Dolayısıyla üretim ihtiyaçlarınıza en uygun rejeneratif termal oksitleyiciyi seçmek için profesyonel tedarikçilere güvenmeniz, teknik deneyimlerini ve projenin özel gereksinimleriyle ilgili geçmişlerini dikkatlice doğrulamak çok önemlidir.

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Rejeneratif Termal Oksitleyici tasarımı: kaç oksidasyon odası?

Oksidasyon odası: iki ve üç termal oda arasındaki farklar

İki-Odalı Sistem

Üç-Odalı Sistem

3 odalı ve 2 odalı rejeneratif termal yanma odası arasında nasıl tercih yapılır?